It's usually the duckbills, if the discharge pump isn't pumping. With the vacuum pump, it could be several things but not with the pump that empties the holding tank - that's almost always the duckbills.
Etienne, in the case of a SeaLand pump the duckbills work in concert with one another, to direct the flow out of the pump. If either (or both) of the duckbills isn't sealing properly, the pump won't pump. You're thinking of a Crown head or other head, where the duckbill is used as an anti-backflow valve. In a pump, where two (or 4) are used, they perform a different function.