If you are referring to the too-common white nylon thru hulls, they are very prone to breakage over time even without external impact. Most often hoses are not adequately secured to the boat close to the fittings. The stress of the weight of the hose connected to the barb as the hull impacts waves eventually cracks or breaks the nylon fitting.
Often the outer part just falls off, but sometimes the outer part of the fitting will stay in place and look as if the fitting was intact but the hose with the broken barb portion may have fallen down to drain in the boat, and possibly let the ocean drain in as well under some circumstances.
This is just another heads-up to check white or black nylon fittings carefully and often, and preferably replace with bronze, SS or good Marelon composite type before any nylon fitting near the waterline tries to sink your boat.
Whether nylon or metal, most always a large nut and washer slips over the hose barb and threads on to the threaded portion of the fitting just inside the hull to secure it, usually with sealant in the hull hole and under the lip of the outer portion. If it is completely broken off, anything left in the hull hole should be able to be pushed into the boat. That may take a little effort if sealant is present but shouldn't be difficult.
If you don't have adequate access to the hose and inside of the hull you will likely have to cut the liner or whatever is needed to install an inspection plate. It usually requires someone on both inside and outside to properly install the thru hull drain fitting.
The fittings may have either a hose barb or just a threaded portion on the hose end. In the latter case, a barb to thread adapter is used on the hose 1st.