Hello Dave,
The vacuum gages will read the exact resistance between you on engine fuel pump and the filter you put the vac gage in front of.
So on a typical recreational install where there is only one pre-filter it will go - tank > fuel valve/manifold > pre-filter > vac gage > to engine pump > then to on engine filter. Each system will have a different resistance to fuel flow based upon the fittings, hoses, filters chosen but normally the readings on the gage (all negative reflecting vacuum) will be similar to mine now which are:
- 2 to 2.5" /Hg = new filters
- 4 to 8" = typical partially used
- 8 to 9" = consider replacing
- 12 to 15" = will affect engine rpms and use
On our current boat we do not know exactly when it will affect the rpms as we do not let the filters get that far. On our last boat with similar engines and filters it was right about 14" on the gage that rpms began to fall.
Vacuum gages - You can buy the Racor ones but they are quiets expensive , we have bought vac gages form many places over the years such as thegagestore(dot)com, ebay, amazon, Sbmar(dot)com, etc. We look for any fuel gage that has a spec of about 2% accuracy and we prefer the larger 2" face with the bottom mounts and a wider sweep for our older eyes. These have cost us in the area of between $2- $30 per gage alone - we have bought 10 at a time on some occasions when friends ganged up orders.
The gages we mount we fill with glycerin to help dampen the natural pulse of fuel generated by the fuel pump as well as using 'snubbers' right before the gage which do the same. Clear glycerin bottles are real cheap (like $4) and we fill the gage ourselves as long as you buy them rated for glycerin fill. With the snubbers and glycerin the needles remains almost perfectly steady at the average readings without pulsing. I will try and find some pics of the gage and maybe a link to a good fuel article.
We are cruising now headed up state tomorrow so connections are an issue at times.
FWIW - with clean fuel I go about 600 gallons burned now (per engine)before the smaller Racor 500's on my boat read above 7" of vacuum.
Hope this helps